Cascade Ativation Signal Pathway of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases(MAPK)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases(Mark) is a group of serine - threonine protein kinase that can be activated byvarious extracellular stimulation, such as cytokines, neurotransmitters,hormone, cell stress and cell adhesion,etc. By stepwise phosphorylation,signalpathway of Mark as a important signal system could amplify and transmit thesignal, regulating the activity of transcription factor and expression of thecorresponding genes, and finally cause cellular response. Cascade activation ofMark is the center of a variety of signal pathways, involved in a variety oflife processes, such as, cell division, differentiation and apoptosis. And italso plays a key role in bone and joint inflammation and cancer cellmetastasis.

Signal pathway of Mark is happened by 3levers of cascade activation. As the picture shown, firstly, MAPKKK isactivated by mitogen stimulation of phosphorylation; then MAPKKK turnsphosphorylated and activates MAPKK, and finally, MAPK turns phosphorylated. Theactivation process can lead to signal amplification and transmission. Cascadeactivation is conserved from yeast to human, and it is related to inflammation,cancer and other diseases closely.

Signal pathways of Mark family mainly includeextracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK),c-Jun N-terminalkinase(JNK),P38MAPK and ERK5. They could be activated by different signals, andmediate different biological effects. But these pathways have similar"crosstalk", and have the mutual synergistic or inhibitory effects.For examples, in the cartilage damage of osteoarthritis , JNK, P38 andERK5  are jointly involved in signaltransduction, and finally resulting in the formation of cartilage calcificationand osteoarthritis.

In recent years, the researches on signal transduction pathways have been widespreadconcerned. The techonologies and methods of cell signal transduction arecountless, such as immunoprecipitation, RNAi, proteomics, ELISA, etc. They canbe used to detect the difference of signal molecules and proteins during thesignal transduction. Cloud-Clone Corp. has developed a variety ofproteins and antibodies which can be used in the cascadeactivation signal pathway of Mark. Many ELISA kits have been developed for MAPKfamily: MAPK1 (SEA930Hu)，MAPK3 (SEB357Hu)，MAPK8 (SEB156Hu)，MAPK12 (SED577Hu)，MAPK14 (SEB206Hu),etc, and the customers can choose the appropriate kits for their research.

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