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Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET)

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CDHR16; CRet; PTC; CDHF12; HSCR1; MEN2A; MEN2B; MTC1; RET-ELE1; RET51; C-Ret; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia And Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 1; Cadherin-Related 16

Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET)
CCC B293
HGNC 9967
MGI 97902
PubMed 11900218
RGD 3556
UniProt P07949
Wiki RET

c-Ret is a member of the cadherin superfamily, encodes one of the receptor tyrosine kinases, which are cell-surface molecules that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. This gene plays a crucial role in neural crest development, and it can undergo oncogenic activation in vivo and in vitro by cytogenetic rearrangement.

Mutations in this gene are associated with the disorders multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIA, multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIB, Hirschsprung disease, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Additional transcript variants have been described but their biological validity has not been confirmed.

Organism species: Homo sapiens (Human)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins RPB293Hu01 Recombinant Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Antibodies n/a Monoclonal Antibody to Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) Monoclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
n/a Polyclonal Antibody to Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) Polyclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
Assay Kits n/a CLIA Kit for Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) CLIA Kit Customized Service Offer
n/a ELISA Kit for Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) ELISA Kit Customized Service Offer

Organism species: Mus musculus (Mouse)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins RPB293Mu01 Recombinant Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) Positive Control; Immunogen; SDS-PAGE; WB.
Antibodies MAB293Mu21 Monoclonal Antibody to Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) WB; IHC; ICC; IP.
Assay Kits n/a CLIA Kit for Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) CLIA Kit Customized Service Offer
n/a ELISA Kit for Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) ELISA Kit Customized Service Offer

Organism species: Rattus norvegicus (Rat)

CATALOG NO. PRODUCT NAME APPLICATIONS
Proteins n/a Recombinant Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) Recombinant Protein Customized Service Offer
Antibodies n/a Monoclonal Antibody to Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) Monoclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
n/a Polyclonal Antibody to Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) Polyclonal Antibody Customized Service Offer
Assay Kits n/a CLIA Kit for Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) CLIA Kit Customized Service Offer
n/a ELISA Kit for Ret Proto-Oncogene (RET) ELISA Kit Customized Service Offer
  1. "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs." Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  2. "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10." Nature 429:375-381(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  3. "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  4. "Isolation of ret proto-oncogene cDNA with an amino-terminal signal sequence."Oncogene 4:805-806(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  5. "Cloning and expression of the ret proto-oncogene encoding a tyrosine kinase with two potential transmembrane domains."Oncogene 3:571-578(1988) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  6. "ret transforming gene encodes a fusion protein homologous to tyrosine kinases."Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1378-1385(1987) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  7. "Activation of the ret-II oncogene without a sequence encoding a transmembrane domain and transforming activity of two ret-II oncogene products differing in carboxy-termini due to alternative splicing."Oncogene 4:789-794(1989) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  8. ErratumOncogene 4:1415-1415(1989)
  9. "PTC is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and is frequently detected in vivo in human thyroid papillary carcinomas."Cell 60:557-563(1990) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  10. "RET/PCM-1: a novel fusion gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma."Oncogene 19:4236-4242(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  11. "The transcription coactivator HTIF1 and a related protein are fused to the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas."Oncogene 18:4388-4393(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  12. "Tyrosines 1015 and 1062 are in vivo autophosphorylation sites in ret and ret-derived oncoproteins."J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85:3898-3907(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  13. "Identification of RET autophosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry."J. Biol. Chem. 279:14213-14224(2004) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  14. "Novel tumorigenic rearrangement, Delta rfp/ret, in a papillary thyroid carcinoma from externally irradiated patient."Mutat. Res. 527:81-90(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  15. "The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase J antagonizes the biochemical and biological effects of RET-derived oncoproteins."Cancer Res. 66:6280-6287(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  16. "The discovery of substituted 4-(3-hydroxyanilino)-quinolines as potent RET kinase inhibitors."Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17:5886-5893(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  17. "Sorafenib functions to potently suppress RET tyrosine kinase activity by direct enzymatic inhibition and promoting RET lysosomal degradation independent of proteasomal targeting."J. Biol. Chem. 282:29230-29240(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  18. "Synthesis, modeling, and RET protein kinase inhibitory activity of 3- and 4-substituted beta-carbolin-1-ones."J. Med. Chem. 51:7777-7787(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  19. "CD2AP and Cbl-3/Cbl-c constitute a critical checkpoint in the regulation of ret signal transduction."J. Neurosci. 28:8789-8800(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  20. "The tyrosine kinase receptor RET interacts in vivo with aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein to alter survivin availability."J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94:2571-2578(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  21. "Transcriptional regulation of RET by Nkx2-1, Phox2b, Sox10, and Pax3."J. Pediatr. Surg. 44:1904-1912(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  22. "Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome."Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8:1751-1764(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  23. "RETouching upon mechanoreceptors."Neuron 64:773-776(2009) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  24. "The evolving field of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of endocrine tumors."Endocr. Rev. 31:578-599(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  25. "Inhibitors of the RET tyrosine kinase based on a 2-(alkylsulfanyl)-4-(3-thienyl)nicotinonitrile scaffold."Eur. J. Med. Chem. 45:2919-2927(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  26. "Functional role of the RET dependence receptor, GFRa co-receptors and ligands in the pituitary."Front. Horm. Res. 38:127-138(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  27. "RET-mediated cell adhesion and migration require multiple integrin subunits."J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95:E342-E346(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  28. "Direct visualization of vesicle maturation and plasma membrane protein trafficking."J. Fluoresc. 20:401-405(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  29. "A novel RET inhibitor with potent efficacy against medullary thyroid cancer in vivo."Surgery 148:1228-1236(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  30. "RET modulates cell adhesion via its cleavage by caspase in sympathetic neurons."J. Biol. Chem. 286:14628-14638(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  31. "Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) binds RET kinase via its FERM domain, priming a direct and reciprocal RET-FAK transactivation mechanism."J. Biol. Chem. 286:17292-17302(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  32. "Structure and chemical inhibition of the RET tyrosine kinase domain."J. Biol. Chem. 281:33577-33587(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  33. "Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and crystallographic studies of 3-substituted indolin-2-one RET inhibitors."Bioorg. Med. Chem. 18:1482-1496(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  34. "Mammal-restricted elements predispose human RET to folding impairment by HSCR mutations."Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 17:726-731(2010) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  35. "Mutations in Hirschsprung disease: when does a mutation contribute to the phenotype."Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 5:180-185(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  36. "Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndromes, related sporadic tumours, and Hirschsprung disease."Hum. Mutat. 9:97-109(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  37. "Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are associated with MEN 2A and FMTC."Hum. Mol. Genet. 2:851-856(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  38. "Germ-line mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A."Nature 363:458-460(1993) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  39. "Heterogeneity and low detection rate of RET mutations in Hirschsprung disease."Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 2:272-280(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  40. "Point mutation within the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B and related sporadic tumours."Hum. Mol. Genet. 3:237-241(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  41. "Germline RET mutations in MEN 2A and FMTC and their detection by simple DNA diagnostic tests."Hum. Mol. Genet. 3:635-638(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  42. "RET proto-oncogene mutations in inherited and sporadic medullary thyroid cancer."Hum. Mol. Genet. 3:1895-1897(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  43. "RET proto-oncogene mutations in French MEN 2A and FMTC families."Hum. Mol. Genet. 3:1939-1943(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  44. "Diverse phenotypes associated with exon 10 mutations of the RET proto-oncogene."Hum. Mol. Genet. 3:2163-2167(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  45. "A mutation in the RET proto-oncogene associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma."Nature 367:375-376(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  46. "Point mutations affecting the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease."Nature 367:377-378(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  47. "Mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease."Nature 367:378-380(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  48. "Single missense mutation in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of the RET protooncogene is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:1579-1583(1994) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  49. "Analysis of RET protooncogene point mutations distinguishes heritable from nonheritable medullary thyroid carcinomas."Cancer 76:479-489(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  50. "Germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene in eight Japanese patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A)."Hum. Genet. 95:187-190(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  51. "Mutation analysis of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in Hirschsprung disease."Hum. Mol. Genet. 4:821-830(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  52. "Diversity of RET proto-oncogene mutations in familial and sporadic Hirschsprung disease."Hum. Mol. Genet. 4:1381-1386(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  53. "Two maternally derived missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET protooncogene in a patient with de novo MEN 2B."Hum. Mol. Genet. 4:1987-1988(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  54. "A novel point mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of the RET proto-oncogene in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma and in a family with FMTC."Oncogene 10:509-513(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  55. "RET mutations in exons 13 and 14 of FMTC patients."Oncogene 10:2415-2419(1995) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  56. "Mutations in three genes are found associated with the development of Hirschsprung disease: RET, EDNRB and EDN3."Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59:A263-A263(1996)
  57. "Prevalence and parental origin of de novo RET mutations in Hirschsprung's disease."Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 4:356-358(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  58. "Mutation analysis of the RET proto-oncogene in Dutch families with MEN 2A, MEN 2B and FMTC: two novel mutations and one de novo mutation for MEN 2A."Hum. Genet. 97:11-14(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  59. "Diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia [MEN] 2A, 2B and familial medullary thyroid cancer [FMTC] by multiplex PCR and heteroduplex analyses of RET proto-oncogene mutations."Hum. Mutat. 8:64-70(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  60. "Mutations of the ret protooncogene in German multiple endocrine neoplasia families: relation between genotype and phenotype." J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81:1780-1783(1996) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  61. "A duplication of 12 bp in the critical cysteine rich domain of the RET proto-oncogene results in a distinct phenotype of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A."Hum. Mol. Genet. 6:587-590(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  62. "Frequency of RET mutations in long- and short-segment Hirschsprung disease."Hum. Mutat. 9:243-249(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  63. "Cys 618 Arg mutation in the RET proto-oncogene associated with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and maternally transmitted Hirschsprung's disease suggesting a role for imprinting."Hum. Mutat. 10:155-159(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  64. "Germline dinucleotide mutation in codon 883 of the RET proto-oncogene in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B without codon 918 mutation."J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:3902-3904(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  65. "A novel point mutation in the intracellular domain of the ret protooncogene in a family with medullary thyroid carcinoma."J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:4176-4178(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  66. "Mutation analysis of the RET, the endothelin-B receptor, and the endothelin-3 genes in sporadic cases of Hirschsprung's disease."J. Pediatr. Surg. 32:501-504(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  67. "Novel germline RET proto-oncogene mutations associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC): mutation analysis in Japanese patients with MTC."Oncogene 14:3103-3106(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  68. "Germline mutation of RET codon 883 in two cases of de novo MEN 2B."Oncogene 15:1213-1217(1997) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  69. "Mutations of the RET-GDNF signaling pathway in Ondine's curse."Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:715-717(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  70. "Novel point mutation in exon 10 of the RET proto-oncogene in a family with medullary thyroid carcinoma."Am. J. Med. Genet. 78:271-273(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  71. "Phenotypic variation in a family with mutations in two Hirschsprung-related genes (RET and endothelin receptor B)."Hum. Genet. 103:145-148(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  72. "Hirschsprung disease in MEN 2A: increased spectrum of RET exon 10 genotypes and strong genotype-phenotype correlation."Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:129-134(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  73. "Duplication of 9 base pairs in the critical cysteine-rich domain of the RET proto-oncogene causes multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A."Hum. Mutat. Suppl. 1:S128-S130(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  74. "A GTG to ATG novel point mutation at codon 804 in exon 14 of the RET proto-oncogene in two families affected by familial medullary thyroid carcinoma."Hum. Mutat. Suppl. 1:S167-S171(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  75. "A new hot spot for mutations in the ret protooncogene causing familial medullary thyroid carcinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A."J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83:770-774(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  76. "Mutational analysis of the RET proto-oncogene in 71 Japanese patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma."J. Hum. Genet. 43:101-106(1998) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  77. "Double heterozygosity for a RET substitution interfering with splicing and an EDNRB missense mutation in Hirschsprung disease."Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64:1216-1221(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  78. "Two distinct mutations of the RET receptor causing Hirschsprung's disease impair the binding of signalling effectors to a multifunctional docking site."Hum. Mol. Genet. 8:1989-1999(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  79. "A novel 9-base pair duplication in RET exon 8 in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma."J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84:1700-1704(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  80. "A novel case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A associated with two de novo mutations of the RET protooncogene."J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84:3522-3527(1999) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  81. "A RET double mutation in the germline of a kindred with FMTC."Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 108:128-132(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  82. "A new germline mutation, R600Q, within the coding region of RET proto-oncogene: a rare polymorphism or a MEN 2 causing mutation?"Hum. Mutat. 15:122-122(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  83. "A human model for multigenic inheritance: phenotypic expression in Hirschsprung disease requires both the RET gene and a new 9q31 locus."Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:268-273(2000) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  84. "Three novel mutations in the RET proto-oncogene."J. Mol. Med. 79:609-612(2001) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  85. "Germ-line mutations in nonsyndromic pheochromocytoma." N. Engl. J. Med. 346:1459-1466(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  86. "Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: a novel mutation of the RET gene in an isolated case."Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 196:241-246(2002) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  87. "Molecular analysis of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome."Hum. Genet. 114:22-26(2003) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  88. "The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers." Science 314:268-274(2006) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  89. "Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes." Nature 446:153-158(2007) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  90. "Renal aplasia in humans is associated with RET mutations."Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82:344-351(2008) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]
  91. "RET mutational spectrum in Hirschsprung disease: evaluation of 601 Chinese patients." PLoS ONE 6:E28986-E28986(2011) [PubMed] [Europe PMC] [Abstract]