Myosin Light Chain Kinase 3 (MYLK3)

Phosphorylation of cardiac myosin heavy chains and light chains by a kinase, such as MYLK3, potentiates the force and rate of cross-bridge recruitment in cardiac myocytes.Once there is an influx of calcium cations (Ca⁺⁺) into the muscle, either from the sarcoplasmic reticulum or, more importantly, from the extracellular space, contraction of smooth muscle fibers may begin. First, the calcium will bind to calmodulin. This binding will activate MLCK, which will go on to phosphorylate the myosin light chain at serine residue 19. This will enable the myosin crossbridge to bind to the actin filament and allow contraction to begin (through the crossbridge cycle). Since smooth muscle does not contain a troponin complex like striated muscle does, this mechanism is the main pathway for regulating smooth muscle contraction.