Uncoupling Protein 3, Mitochondrial (UCP3)

UCP3 has tissue-specific transcription initiation with other transcription initiation sites upstream of SM-1. Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'. Two splice variants have been found for this gene.Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H⁺/OH^- are not known.