Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, first isolated from Streptomyces krestomuceticus in the 1950s. It is an antibiotic used to treat intestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis and amoebiasis, and other diseases like leishmaniasis. Paromomycin was demonstrated to be effective against cutaneous leishmaniasis in clinical studies in the USSR in the 1960s, and in trials with visceral leishmaniasis in the early 1990s.The route of administration is intramuscular injection and capsule. Paromomycin topical cream with or without gentamicin is an effective treatment for ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis, according to the results of a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel group–controlled trial. Paromomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor in non-resistant cells by binding to 16S ribosomal RNA. This broad spectrum antibiotic soluble in water, is very similar in action to Neomycin.
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