Aconitine (Aco)

Aconitine is a toxin produced by the Aconitum plant, also known as devil’s helmet or monkshood. The systematic name of aconitine is (1α,3α,6α,14α,15α,16β)-8-acetyloxy-20-ethyl-3,13,15-trihydroxy-1,6-16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitanyl-14-benzoate. It has the chemical formula C34H47NO11 and a molecular weight of 645.75 g/mol. Aconitine belongs to the family of aconitum alkaloids and are barely soluble in water. On the contrary, organic solvents such as chloroform or diethyl ether are very usable. Aconitine is also soluble in mixtures of alcohol and water, if the concentration of alcohol is high enough. Aconitine is very toxic due to different reactive groups. The nitrogen in one of the six-membered ring structure can easily form salts and ions. This turns the molecule into a structure with high binding affinity for polar and lipophilic structures and makes it possible for the molecule to pass the blood–brain barrier.