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Active Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)

CD284; TOLL; HToll

ACTIVITY TEST

TLR4 is a 100 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the mammalian Toll-Like Receptor family of pathogen pattern recognition molecules. TLRs plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. Besides, TLR4 is the receptor for LPS and plays a critical role in innate immunity. Stimulation of TLR4 activates proinflammatory pathways and induces cytokine expression in a variety of cell types. Inflammatory pathways are activated in tissues of obese animals and humans and play an important role in obesity-associated insulin resistance. It is reported that RETN has been identified as an interactor of TLR4, thus a binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant human RETN and recombinant human TLR4. Briefly, RETN was diluted serially in PBS with 0.01% BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100 μl were then transferred to TLR4-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 1h at 37℃. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-RETN pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody for 1h at 37℃, wells were aspirated and washed 5 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37℃. Finally, add 50 µL stop solution to the wells and read at 450/630nm immediately. The binding activity of TLR4 and RETN was shown in Figure 1. When recombinant human TLR4 is lmmobilized at 2 ug/mL (100 uL/well), the concentration of rhRETN that produces 50% optimal binding response is found to be approximately 5.13 ug/mL.

USAGE

Reconstitute in 10mM PBS (pH7.4) to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Do not vortex.

STORAGE

Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Store at 2-8°C for one month. Aliquot and store at -80°C for 12 months.

STABILITY

The thermal stability is described by the loss rate. The loss rate was determined by accelerated thermal degradation test, that is, incubate the protein at 37°C for 48h, and no obvious degradation and precipitation were observed. The loss rate is less than 5% within the expiration date under appropriate storage condition.

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Magazine Citations
Chinese Medical Journal Expression of soluble Toll-like receptors in pleural effusions CMJ: 2010823483999506297
Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Amniotic fluid soluble Toll-like receptor 4 in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes Informa: 14767058.2011.626821
PLoS One Baicalein Reduces Airway Injury in Allergen and IL-13 Induced Airway Inflammation PubMed: PMC3639905
Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. The association between precancerous gastric lesions and serum pepsinogens, serum gastrin, vascular endothelial growth factor, serum interleukin-1 Beta, serum toll-like receptor-4 levels and Helicobacter pylori Cag A status Pubmed: 23137754
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Serum: a Potential Diagnostic Marker of Prosthetic Joint Infection? Pubmed: 24478497
Surgical Endoscopy CO2 pneumoperitoneum increases secretory IgA levels in the gut compared with laparotomy in an experimental animal model. Pubmed: 24442682
Experimental and therapeutic medicine Soluble toll-like receptor 4 reversed attenuating effect of Chinese herbal Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang on allergen induced nerve growth factor and thymic stromal lymphopoietin Pubmed: 24223644
Free Radical Biology and Medicine Involvement of nitric oxide with activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis Pubmed:24992835
Respiratory Virology and Immunogenicity Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Cytokines and Toll-Like Receptors in the Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination Pubmed:25248345
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Beta-arrestin-2 negatively modulates inflammation response in mouse chondrocytes induced by 4-mer hyaluronan oligosaccharide Pubmed:25318610
Journal of Ginseng Research Effects of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng), urushiol (Rhus vernicifera Stokes), and probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052) on the gut–liver axis of alcoholic liver disease Pubmed:25378990
BMC Immunology The discriminative capacity of soluble Toll-like receptor (sTLR)2 and sTLR4 in inflammatory diseases Pubmed:25406630
Gastroenterology Research and Practice Procoagulatory State in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Is Promoted by Impaired Intestinal Barrier Function Pubmed:25767508
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol Efficacy of rifaximin on circulating endotoxins and cytokines in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease PubMed: 26043290
Pathol Biol (Paris) Cathelicidin related antimicrobial peptide, laminin, Toll-like receptors and chemokines levels in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice PubMed: 25834936
Journal of Food Science  Effects of Hyriopsis cumingii Polysaccharides on Mice Immunologic Receptor, Transcription Factor, and Cytokine Pubmed:27061742
Plos One Soluble Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Hydrocephalus followingAneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Pubmed:27223696
Open Forum Infect Dis The Effect of Rosuvastatin on Markers of Immune Activation in Treatment-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Patients Pubmed:26835476
Animal Feed Science and Technology Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product and subacute ruminal acidosis on production, inflammation, and fermentation in the rumen and hindCavia (Guinea pig )t of dairy cows science:S0377840115300493
european journal of pharmacology Garlic active constituent s-allyl cysteine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits in the rat: Possible involved mechanisms. pubmed:27915041
european journal of pharmacology S-allyl cysteine ameliorates cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-diabetic rats via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and acetylcholinesterase. pubmed:27887948
Psychopharmacology (Berl) Ellagic acid ameliorates learning and memory deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease: an exploration of underlying mechanisms. pubmed:28303372
ЭНИ Забайкальский медицинский вестник НОСИТЕЛЬСТВО ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА Thr399Ile и Asp299Gly ГЕНА TLR4 И УРОВЕНЬ TLR4 В ОПУХОЛЕВОЙ ТКАНИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ПРОЛИФЕРАТИВНЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ 8.pdf
biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Acetyl-l-carnitine protects dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced model of Parkinson's disease in the rat. pubmed:28199883
Journal For Neurovirology Soluble TLR2 and 4 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV/SIV-relatedneuropathological conditions. pubmed:27882497
Acta Orthopaedica Toll-like receptors and their soluble forms differ in the knee and thumb basal osteoarthritic joints pubmed:28093922
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology Ameliorative potential of linagliptin and/or calcipotriol on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis: In vivo and in vitro study pubmed:28192751
Inflammation Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibition Improves Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Health in Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats pubmed:28690610
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria or synthetic TLR2 agonist boost the growth of chicken embryo intestinal organoids in cultures comprising epithelial cells and myofibroblasts DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.06.002
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria or synthetic TLR2 agonist boost the growth of chicken embryo intestinal organoids in cultures comprising epithelial cells and myofibroblasts 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.06.002
Microbial Pathogenesis Protective effects of sinomenine against LPS-induced inflammation in piglets. pubmed:28757275
Cytokine Soy isoflavone genistein attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairments in the rat via exerting anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects pubmed:29102164
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Berberine ameliorates intrahippocampal kainate-induced status epilepticus and consequent epileptogenic process in the rat: Underlying mechanisms pubmed:28061403
Frontiers in Immunology The soluble Form of Toll-like receptor 2 is elevated in serum of Multiple sclerosis Patients: a novel Potential Disease Biomarker Pubmed:29593720
Experimental Gerontology Specific alterations in the circulating levels of the SIRT1, TLR4, and IL7 proteins in patients with dementia Pubmed:30071285
Neurotoxicity Research Protective Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Against Amyloid-Beta-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells Pubmed:29869772
European Journal of Pharmacology Rutin, a quercetin glycoside, alleviates acute endotoxemic kidney injury in C57BL/6 mice via suppression of inflammation and up-regulation of antioxidants and SIRT1 Pubmed:29920283
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology Crocin reverses unilateral renal ischemia reperfusion injury-induced augmentation of oxidative stress and toll like receptor-4 activity Pubmed:29625388
Physiology & Behavior  Linagliptin potentiates the effect of l-dopa on the behavioural, biochemical and immunohistochemical changes in experimentally-induced Parkinsonism: Role of toll … Pubmed:29410018
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics Increased serum levels of high mobility group protein B1 and calprotectin in pre‐eclampsia Pubmed:29569400
Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine Increased TLR4 and TREM-1 expression on monocytes and neutrophils in preterm birth: further evidence of a proinflammatory state Pubmed:29534643
ТLR4-РІВНІ У ХВОРИХ НА ПОДАГРУ: ЗВ'ЯЗОК З АКТИВНІСТЮ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ :
Journal of Medical Virology Combined effect of anti‐high‐mobility group box‐1 monoclonal antibody and peramivir against influenza A virus‐induced pneumonia in mice Pubmed: 30281823
Metabolic Brain Disease Berberine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced learning and memory deficit in the rat: insights into underlying molecular mechanisms Pubmed: 30456649
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine The HMGB1‑RAGE/TLR‑TNF‑α signaling pathway may contribute to kidney injury induced by hypoxia
Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology Protective effect of sesamin in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of acute kidney injury via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis Pubmed: 30488751
International Immunopharmacology S-allyl cysteine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in the C57BL/6 mouse strain: Involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation Pubmed: 30665040
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Opuntioside, opuntiol and its metallic nanoparticles attenuate adjuvant-induced arthritis: Novel suppressors of Toll-like receptors-2 and-4
International Journal of Obesity Circulating microbiota-derived metabolites: a “liquid biopsy? Pubmed: 31388096
Scientific Reports Deregulation of TLR4 signaling pathway characterizes Bicuspid Aortic valve syndrome Pubmed: 31363123
Life Sciences Crocin attenuates lung inflammation and pulmonary vascular dysfunction in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis Pubmed: 31465731
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology Targeting oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and toll like receptor 4 by empagliflozin to ameliorate bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis Pubmed: 31600583
Thrombosis and haemostasis Particulate Shiga Toxin 2 in Blood is Associated to the Development of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children Pubmed: 31858520
J Ethnopharmacol Effects of fermented ginseng on the gut microbiota and immunity of rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea Pubmed: 33217518
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Relationship between IL-8 Circulating Levels and TLR2 Hepatic Expression in Women with Morbid Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Pubmed: 32545403
NEUROPSYCHOBIOLOGY Diosgenin Attenuates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Underlying Mechanisms Pubmed: 32526752
journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology S‐allyl cysteine, an active ingredient of garlic, attenuates acute liver dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide/ d‐galactosamine in mouse: Underlying mechanisms Pubmed: 32453893
microbial pathogenesis Protective effect of diosgenin on LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver failure in C57BL/6 mice Pubmed: 32389705
Sciences of Europe FEATURES OF MYOCARDIAL REMODELING IN MEN WITH POST-INFARCTION CARDIOSCLEROSIS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TOLL-LIKE …
Putative anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles of the natural tissue guardian methyl palmitate against isoproterenol-induced myocardial …
The role of Toll-like receptors-4 in the pathogenesis of development of anemia of inflammation in young children
Clin Oral Investig Evaluation of heat shock protein 70 and toll-like receptor 4 expression in gingival crevicular fluid in response to orthodontic forces 34091792
Eksp Klin Gastroenterol Tissue transglutaminase is involved in the inflammatory processes of active chronic gastritis 17539352
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Esculetin Alleviates Acute Liver Failure following Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine in Male C57BL/6 Mice
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand A value of soluble Toll‐like receptor 2 and 4 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid for the prediction of histological chorioamnionitis 34244993
Nutrients Expression of Jejunal Taste Receptors in Women with Morbid Obesity 34371946
Biomed Pharmacother Nifuroxazide-loaded cubosomes exhibit an advancement in pulmonary delivery and attenuate bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by regulating the STAT3 and … Pubmed:35220029
Biomed Pharmacother Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by regulating the NF-κB and NLRP3 crosstalk: A novel approach for filling an … Pubmed:35202914
Frontiers in Pharmacology Carbocisteine as a Modulator of Nrf2/HO-1 and NFκB Interplay in Rats: New Inspiration for the Revival of an Old Drug for Treating Ulcerative Colitis. Front … Pubmed:35754464
Processes Lipocalin, Resistin and Gut Microbiota-Derived Propionate Could Be Used to Predict Metabolic Bariatric Surgery Selected Outcomes
Biomolecules Vascular Calcification and the Gut and Blood Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Pilot Study
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